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Blunt Impacts
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VIVA+ Human Body Models
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Full Model
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Blunt Impacts
Blunt Impacts
Mid-Sternum (Kroell 1971)
Lateral Impact (Viano 1989)
Abdominal Impact (Hardy 2001)
Back impact (Viano 2001)
Shoulder impact (Compigne 2004)
Back impact (Forman 2015)
Frontal Impact
Frontal Impact
Gold Standard 2 (Crandall 2011-2016)
Rear Impact
Rear Impact
Rear Sled (Yoganadan 2000)
Lateral Impact
Lateral Impact
Farside Sledtests (Forman 2013)
Nearside Lateral impact (Miller 2013/Wood 2014)
Standing
Standing
Pedestrian (Forman 2015)
Pedestrian (Snedeker 2003)
Pedestrian (Paas 2015)
Submodels
Submodels
Head
Head
Parietal Drop Test (Yoganandan 2004)
Head Blunt Impact (Raymond 2009)
Frontal bone impacts (Delye 2007)
Frontal bone impact (Yoganandan 1995)
Neck
Neck
Flexion-Extension of Functional Spine Units
Thorax
Thorax
Single Rib (Forman 2020)
Rib Anterior Posterior Bending (Kang 2020)
Tabletop tests (Kent 2004)
Lower Extremity
Lower Extremity
Proximal femur (Ariza 2015)
Femur shaft (Ivarsson 2009)
Knee Valgus Bending (Bose 2008)
Lower leg (Ivarsson 2006)
Tibia shaft (Harden 2021)
HBM4VT
HBM4VT
50M
50M
Bouquet
Bouquet
Pelvis response to impact (Bouquet 1994)
Thoracic response to impact (Bouquet 1994)
Compigne
Compigne
Shoulder response to impacts (Compigne 2004)
Forman
Forman
Tabletop tests - double belt (Forman 2005)
Kroell
Kroell
Response of human thorax to impact (Kroell 1971)
Viano
Viano
Lateral Impact (Viano 1989)
Leport
Leport
Pelvis response to hub impact (Leport 2007)
Pelvis response to mini sled impact (Leport 2007)
Lopez-Valdes
Lopez-Valdes
SENIORS sled test Lopez-Valdes et al. (2017)
Petit
Petit
Far side impact: Petit et al. (2019)
Rupp
Rupp
Impactor tests (Rupp et al. 2008)
Salzar
Salzar
Tabletop tests (Salzar 2009)
Shaw
Shaw
None
Oblique and lateral impact response of thorax (Shaw et al., 2006)
Quasi-static and dynamic loadings to denuded thorax (Shaw et al., 2007)
Gold Standard Test: Shaw et al. (2009)
Kent
Kent
Tabletop tests (Kent 2004)
Tabletop tests (Kent 2004)
Tabletop tests (Kent 2004)
Tabletop tests (Kent 2004)
Uriot
Uriot
Uriot et al. (2015)
Uriot et al. (2015)
Yoganandan
Yoganandan
Lateral Impact (Yoganandan et al. 1997)
News
News
Blunt Impacts
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