Model Validation¶
The validation of the models are documented in a catalog built on Jupyter notebooks. This facilitates the reproducibility of the simulation analysis. The validation catalogue is accessible here: https://vivaplus-validation.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ The input files, postprocessing routines and proecessed simulation results are available on the openVT platform: https://openvt.eu/fem/viva/vivaplus-validation
The following validations have been performed so far:
Component/Sub-model level¶
| Body region | Author/Year | Validation data |
|---|---|---|
| Single rib | Kang et al (2020) | Force/deflection compared to a corridor (females age group 41-60yrs) |
| Single rib | Forman et al (2018) | Force/deflection compared to 10 female PMHS tests |
| Thorax | Kent et al (2003) | Force/deflection compared to 15 (8F+7M) PMHS tests |
| Pelvis | Guillemot et al (1998) | Force/deflection compared to 10 (1F+9M) + 12 (6F+6M) denuded pelvises |
| Cervical Spine | Nightinggale et al (2002) | Force/deflection compared to 52 female spinal segments |
| Cervical Spine | Wheeldon et al (2006) | Force/deflection compared to 5 male and 2 female PMHS |
| Nead/neck | Stemper et al (2004) | Kinematics of head and cervical spine compared to 5 male and 5 female PMHS |
| Head/neck | Kang et al (2018) | Kinematics of head and cervical spine compared to 5 male PMHS |
| Head | Loyd et al (2014) | Acceleration/time history compared to six male PMHSs |
| Proximal Femur | Ariza et al (2015) | Force/time compared to 14 PMHS tests |
| Femur shaft | Ivarsson et al (2009) | Force/time compared to 16 PMHS tests |
| Tibia | Ivarsson et al (2006) | Force time compared to 40 PMHS tests (4 female) |
| Knee | Bose et al (2008) | Moment/valgus angle compared to 18 male and 6 female knee specimens |
Full HBM level¶
| Loading | Author/Year | Validation data |
|---|---|---|
| Frontal sled | Crandall (2013+2016) | Kinetics, kinematics and chest deformation compared to two female PMHSs |
| Rear sled | Yoganandan et al (2000) | Kinematics compared to four female and one male PMHSs |
| Frontal torso hub | Kroell et al (1971) | Force/deflection compared to 15 PMHS (5 female, 10 male) |
| Frontal torso hub | Viano et al (1989) | Force/deflection compared to 11 male and 3 female PMHS tests |
| Back torso hub | Viano et al (2001) | Force/deflection compared to 24 PMHS tests with 8 specimens |
| Frontal torso hub | Forman et al (2015) | Force/deflection compared to 12 tests with 4 male PMHS |
| Abdominal bar | Hardy et al (2001) | Force/deflection compared to three PMHS tests (1 female +2 male) |
| Abdominal belt | Ramachandra et al (2016) | Force/deflection compared to two PMHS tests (2 female) |
| Shoulder impactor | Compingne et al (2004) | Force/deflection compared to seven PMHS ( 5 female, 2 male) |
| Lateral hub many locations | Viano et al (1989) | Force/deflection compared to 11 male and 3 female PMHS tests |
| Pedestrian impact | Snedeker et al (2005) | Whole body kinematics compared to 2 female and 3 male PMHS |
| Pedestrian impact | Paas et al (2015) | Whole body kinematics compared to 4 male one female PMHS |
| Pedestrian impact | Forman et al (2015) | Whole body kinematics compared to PMHS corridors derived from tests with 3 male PMHS |