Shaw et al 2004 - Steering wheel rim impact

These are simulation setups designed to replicate the table top tests carried out by Shaw et al. (2004). The full reference is provided at the end of this document.

Known issues

• A too high force peak is observed in the simulation with high penetration level. This might occur due to the fact of constrained vertebrae and a high intrusion of the steering wheel rim. The definition of the chest depth need to be revaluated which has influence on the calculated penetration depth.
• High sliding energy need to be checked in energy balance.

PMHS reference data overview

There are two variants of the steering wheel rim impact setup. The setups differ in terms of penetration level of the steering wheel rim. The table below provides an overview of the differences.

Subject Number	Weight (kg)	Height (cm)	Age (yrs)
135	69.1	172.6	63
159	65.9	166.5	66
149	43.1	158.3	40
161	65.8	181.7	61
Average	61.0	169.8	57.71

Test data are missing in the assessment notebook an will be included as soon as they are digitalized.

The data recorded with the individual PMHS used in these tests are not yet available in digital form. They will be included as soon as they are digitalized. The characteristics of the PMHS are provided in the table below.

Subject	Impactor velocity (m/s)	Impactor penetration level
135	4	30% of chest depth
159	4	30% of chest depth
149	4	30% of chest depth
161	4	50% of chest depth

Instructions

Follow the General Instructions for setting up your simulations. Make sure that all required outputs are available in the simulation output files (e.g. binout when using LS-Dyna) in an appropriate time frequency!

A detailed guide with illustrations is provided in Documentation.pdf.

Please report all new issues you encounter.

Directory structure

• Jupyter notebook for postprocessing results using Dynasaur: Shaw_2004_assessment.ipynb

shaw_2004
│   00_Master_SteeringWheel.k
│   Documentation_SteeringWheel.pdf
│   LICENSE
│   README.md
│   Shaw_2004_assessment.ipynb
│   Version vX.X.X.md
│
├───data
│   ├───examples
│   │       05_THUMS_v41_50M.gif
│   │
│   ├───experiment
│   │       Empty test data files (will be updated as soon as test data are available)
│   │
│   ├───metadata
│   │   │   00_Shaw_2004_env_ID.def
│   │   │   00_Shaw_2004_hub_ID.def
│   │   │   00_THUMS_v4.1_50M_IDs.def
│   │   │   00_VIVA+_50F_IDs.def
│   │   │   01_units_ms_mm_kg.def
│   │   │   01_units_s_mm_ton.def
│   │   │   02_quality_criteria.def
│   │   │   04_hub.def
│   │   │   05_HBM_deflection.def
│   │   │   06a_HBM_ribs_visualisation.def
│   │   │   06_HBM_ribs_criteria.def
│   │   │   07a_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021.def
│   │   │   07b_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021_deflection_limits.def
│   │   │   07c_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus.def
│   │   │   07d_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus_deflection_limits.def
│   │   │   ls_user_function.py
│   │
│   └───processed
│       ├───figures
│       │
│       └───sim_results
│
├───sim_results
│       _copy_your_binouts_here.txt
│
├───_env
│       00_Database_Control.k
│       01_Supplemental_blocks.k
│       02_SteeringWheel.k
│       03_Boundary_Condition.k
│       05_Calculations.k
│
└───_HBM
        _copy_your_HBM_includes_here.txt

Loadcase specific outputs

Time-history data:

• Energies
• Total energy
• Internal energy
• Kinetic energy
• Hourglass energy
• Added mass (when using mass scaling)
• Percent increase of added mass
• Contact forces
• Contact force between steering wheel rim and HBM (contact interface 21000000 in the model)
• Steering wheel
• X-displacement
• HBM
• Relevant strain data for each rib over time

License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License

Copyright

Copyright [2024] OVTO

Acknowledgement

The model of the steering wheel rim in the present repository (02_SteeringWheel.k) is based on the steering wheel rim model created by the University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics in Charlottesville (Impactor_Shaw.k). This work was supported by the Toyota Collaborative Safety Research Center (U.S.A.).

The setup provided here has been developed by the Vehicle Safety Institute at Graz University of Technology to be HBM-neutral. This work was funded by the research project "QualiPro HBM4VT". We acknowledge the support of all sponsors:

• DYNAmore Gesellschaft für FEM Ingenieurdienstleistungen GmbH, an Ansys Company
• Global Human Body Models Consortium, LLC (GHBMC)
• Humanetics
• SAFER (represented by Autoliv Development AB and Volvo Car Corporation)
• Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA

References

Shaw, G., Lessley, D., Bolton, J [Jim], & Crandall, J. (2004). Assessment of the Thor and Hybrid III Crash Dummies: Steering Wheel Rim Impacts to the Upper Abdomen. In SAE Technical Paper Series, SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE International400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States. https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0310