Kroell et al. 1971¶
These are simulation setups designed to replicate the hub impact on the thorax and carried out by Kroell et al. (1971) and compared to the experimental corridors provided in Lebarbé et al. (2012). The full reference is provided at the end of this document.
PMHS reference data overview¶
There are variants of the hub setups, which are documented by Kroell et al. (1971). The table below provides an overview of the differences.
| Specimen | Imp.Mass (kg) | Imp.Vel (m/s) |
|---|---|---|
| 11FF | 19.5 | 6.3 |
| 12FF | 22.9 | 7.2 |
| 13FM | 22.9 | 7.4 |
| 14FF | 22.9 | 7.3 |
| 15FM | 23.6 | 6.9 |
| 18FM | 23.6 | 6.7 |
| 19FM | 23.6 | 6.7 |
| 20FM | 23.6 | 6.7 |
| 21FF | 23.6 | 6.8 |
| 22FM | 23.6 | 6.7 |
| 23FF | 19.5 | 7.7 |
| 24FM | 22.9 | 9.7 |
| 25FM | 5.5 | 13.8 |
| 26FM | 1.9 | 11.2 |
| 28FM | 1.6 | 14.5 |
The characteristics of all PMHS used in these tests are provided in the table below.
| Subject Number | Weight (kg) | Height (cm) | Age (yrs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11FF | 59 | 160 | 60 |
| 12FF | 62.6 | 162.5 | 67 |
| 14FF | 57.6 | 154.9 | 76 |
| 21FF | 68.5 | 172.7 | 45 |
| 23FF | 61.2 | 162.5 | 58 |
| average | 61.8 | 162.5 | 61.2 |
| # | |||
| Subject Number | Weight (kg) | Height (cm) | Age (yrs) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13FM | 76.2 | 167.6 | 81 |
| 15FM | 53.1 | 165.1 | 80 |
| 18FM | 65.8 | 175.2 | 78 |
| 19FM | 65.8 | 172.7 | 19 |
| 20FM | 56.7 | 180.3 | 29 |
| 22FM | 74.8 | 182.8 | 72 |
| 24FM | 81.6 | 182.8 | 65 |
| 25FM | 54.4 | 167.6 | 65 |
| 26FM | 63.5 | 172.7 | 75 |
| 28FM | 68 | 182.8 | 54 |
| average | 65.9 | 174.9 | 61.8 |
Instructions¶
Follow the General Instructions for setting up your simulations. Make sure that all required outputs are available in the simulation output files (e.g. binout when using LS-Dyna) in an appropriate time frequency!
A detailed guide with illustrations is provided in the Documentation_Hub.pdf.
Please report all new issues you encounter.
Directory structure¶
- Jupyter notebook for postprocessing results using Dynasaur:
korell_1971
│ 00_Master_Hub.k
│ Documentation_Hub.pdf
│ Kroell_1971_assessment.ipynb
│ LICENSE
│ README.md
│ Version vX.X.X.md
│
├───data
│ ├───examples
│ │
│ ├───experiment
│ │
│ ├───metadata
│ │ │ 00_Kroell_env_ID.def
│ │ │ 00_Kroell_hub_ID.def
│ │ │ 00_THUMS_v4.1_50M_IDs.def
│ │ │ 00_VIVA+_50F_IDs.def
│ │ │ 01_units_ms_mm_kg.def
│ │ │ 01_units_s_mm_ton.def
│ │ │ 02_quality_criteria.def
│ │ │ 04_hub.def
│ │ │ 05_HBM_deflection.def
│ │ │ 06a_HBM_ribs_visualisation.def
│ │ │ 06_HBM_chest_deflection.def
│ │ │ 06_HBM_ribs_criteria.def
│ │ │ 07a_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021.def
│ │ │ 07b_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021_deflection_limits.def
│ │ │ 07c_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus.def
│ │ │ 07d_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus_deflection_limits.def
│ │ │ ls_user_function.py
│ │
│ └───processed
│ ├───figures
│ │ ├───HS
│ │ │
│ │ └───LS
│ │
│ └───sim_results
│ ├───HS
│ │
│ └───LS
│
├───sim_results
│ ├───HS
│ │ _copy_your_binouts_here.txt
│ │
│ └───LS
│ _copy_your_binouts_here.txt
│
├───_env
│ 00_Database_Control.k
│ 02_Hub.key
│ 03_Boundary_Condition.k
│ 05_Calculations.k
│
└───_HBM
_copy_your_HBM_includes_here.txt
Loadcase specific outputs¶
Time-history data:
- Energies
- Total energy
- Internal energy
- Kinetic energy
- Hourglass energy
- Added mass (when using mass scaling)
- Percent increase of added mass
- Contact forces
- Contact force between HBM and hub
- Hub
- X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z-coordinate of the hub
- HBM
- X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z-coordinate of the mid of sternum between the 4th rib interspace
- X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z-coordinate of the thoracic vertebra T8, which is in line with the hub
- Relevant strain data (see above) for each rib over time
License¶
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License
Copyright¶
Copyright [2024] OVTO
Acknowledgement¶
The setup has been developed by the Vehicle Safety Institute at Graz University of Technology to be HBM-neutral. This work was funded by the research project "QualiPro HBM4VT". We acknowledge the support of all sponsors:
- DYNAmore Gesellschaft für FEM Ingenieurdienstleistungen GmbH, an Ansys Company
- Global Human Body Models Consortium, LLC (GHBMC)
- Humanetics
- SAFER (represented by Autoliv Development AB and Volvo Car Corporation)
- Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA
The Jupyter notebook is loosely based on the notebook for the Bouquet 1994 loadcase from the HBM4VT validation catalogue. The experimental data used in the Jupyter notebook is taken from the VIVA+ validation catalogue - Kroell 1971.
References¶
Kroell, C. K., Schneider, D. C., & Nahum, A. M. (1971). Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax. Paper 7 1 085 1, Proceedings of Fifteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference, P-39.
Lebarbé, Matthieu & Petit, P.. (2012). New biofidelity targets for the thorax of a 50th percentile adult male in frontal impact. 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury. 856-870.