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Table top - Kent et al. 2004

These are simulation setups designed to replicate the table top tests carried out by Kent et al. in (2004). The full reference is provided at the end of this document.

PMHS reference data overview

Tabletop tests with a hub, a diagonal belt, two diagonal belts ("X-belt") and tests with a larger piece of sailcloth ("distributed loading") were performed. First, sub-injurious tests were performed before a final injurious test for each specimen.

The characteristics of all PMHS used in these tests are provided in the table below.

Subject Number Sex Weight (kg) Height (cm) Age (yrs)
145 M 87.7 192 54
187 M 112.7 178 54
157 F 74.7 168 55
186 F 61.2 178 58
170 M 65.3 178 75
189 M 56.7 159 79
190 M 73.5 173 79
176 F 58.2 157 85
177 F 47.6 161 79
182 F 65.3 157 80
147 F 45.0 161 63
155 F 54.4 166 71
173 F 57.2 162 67
178 M 80.7 182 73
188 M 85.3 173 71
Average 68.3 169.7 69.5

Instructions

A detailed guide with illustrations is provided in the respective Documentation.pdf for each loading condition.

Please report all new issues you encounter.

Directory structure

  • Jupyter notebooks for postprocessing results using Dynasaur: Kent_2004_assessment_hub.ipynb, Kent_2004_assessment_belt.ipynb, Kent_2004_assessment_double_belt.ipynb, Kent_2004_assessment_distributed.ipynb
tabletop-kent-2004
│   00_Master_Belt.k
│   00_Master_Belt_distributed.k
│   00_Master_Hub.k
│   00_Master_XBelt.k
│   Documentation_Tabletop_Belt_and_Double_Belt.pdf
│   Documentation_Tabletop_Belt_distributed.pdf
│   Documentation_Tabletop_Hub.pdf
│   Kent_2004_assessment_belt.ipynb
│   Kent_2004_assessment_distributed.ipynb
│   Kent_2004_assessment_double_belt.ipynb
│   Kent_2004_assessment_hub.ipynb
│   LICENSE
│   README.md
│   Version vX.X.X.md
│
├───data
│   ├───examples
│   │
│   ├───experiment
│   │
│   ├───images
│   │
│   ├───metadata
│   │   │   00_Kent_belt_distributed_ID.def
│   │   │   00_Kent_belt_ID.def
│   │   │   00_Kent_env_ID.def
│   │   │   00_Kent_hub_ID.def
│   │   │   00_THUMS_v4.1_05F_IDs.def
│   │   │   00_THUMS_v4.1_50M_IDs.def
│   │   │   00_VIVA+_50F_IDs.def
│   │   │   01_units_ms_mm_kg.def
│   │   │   01_units_s_mm_ton.def
│   │   │   02_quality_criteria.def
│   │   │   03_contact_HBM_table.def
│   │   │   04_belt.def
│   │   │   04_belt_distributed.def
│   │   │   04_hub.def
│   │   │   05a_HBM_belt_deflection.def
│   │   │   05b_HBM_distr_deflection.def
│   │   │   05_HBM_deflection.def
│   │   │   06a_HBM_ribs_visualisation.def
│   │   │   06_HBM_ribs_criteria.def
│   │   │   07a_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021.def
│   │   │   07b_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021_deflection_limits.def
│   │   │   07c_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus.def
│   │   │   07d_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus_deflection_limits.def
│   │   │   ls_user_function.py
│   │
│   └───processed
│       ├───figures
│       └───sim_results
├───sim_results
│   ├───1-Hub
│   │       _copy_your_hub_binouts_here.txt
│   │
│   ├───2-Belt
│   │       _copy_your_belt_binouts_here.txt
│   │
│   ├───3-XBelt
│   │       _copy_your_Xbelt_binouts_here.txt
│   │
│   └───4-Dist
│           _copy_your_dist_belt_binouts_here.txt
│
├───_env
│       00_Database_Control.k
│       01a_Frame_Belt.k
│       01_Table.k
│       02_Belt.k
│       02_Belt_distributed.k
│       02_Belt_longer.k
│       02_Hub.k
│       03_Boundary_Condition_Belt.k
│       03_Boundary_Condition_Belt_distributed.k
│       03_Boundary_Condition_Hub.k
│       04_Position_springs.k
│       05_Calculations_Belt.k
│       05_Calculations_Hub.k
│
└───_HBM
        _copy_your_HBM_includes_here.txt

Required outputs

When using LS-Dyna, please make sure your output is stored in binouts files. This way, you can use the provided Jupyter notebook and perform the assessment using the dynasaur library. In case you use a different solver, here is a list of required outputs. Note that depending on the used HBM, you only need to provide the relevant rib criteria and time-history data (e.g. the maximum principal strain for each rib using the maximum integration point for tensile strains only when using the risk curve by Larsson et al. 2021 or the 95th percentile of the maximum principal strain for each rib using the maximum integration point for overall (i.e. absolute values of tensile/compressive) strains when using the risk curve by Forman et al. 2022, which was tuned for THUMS v4.1 AM50).

Time-history data:

  • Energies
  • Total energy
  • Internal energy
  • Kinetic energy
  • Hourglass energy
  • Added mass (when using mass scaling)
  • Percent increase of added mass
  • Contact forces
  • Contact force between table and HBM (contact interface 2 in the model, using only the torso part of the table)
  • Contact force between HBM and hub
  • Hub
  • Z-displacement
  • HBM
  • Z-displacement of Thorax_4IS point
  • Relevant strain data (see above) for each rib over time

License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License

Copyright [2023] OVTO

Acknowledgement

The original setups have been developed by the University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics in Charlottesville. This work was supported by the Toyota Collaborative Safety Research Center (U.S.A.). The setups available here have been updated by the Vehicle Safety Institute at Graz University of Technology to be HBM-neutral.

The jupyter notebook is based on the notebook from the VIVA+ validation catalogue, which was perepared by Johan Iraeus (2022).

References

Forman, J., Kulkarni, S., Rapela, D. P., Mukherjee, S., Panzer, M., & Hallman, J. (2022, June). A method for thoracic injury risk function development for human body models. In IRCOBI Conference. Porto, Portugal (pp. 12-15). http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc22/pdf-files/2297.pdf

Kent, R., Lessley, D., and Sherwood, C. (2004), “Thoracic Response to Dynamic, Non-impact Loading from a Hub, Distributed Belt, Diagonal Belt, and Double Diagonal Belts”, in Stapp Car Crash Journal, ed. The Stapp Association (Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International).