Salzar et al. 2009¶
These are simulation setups designed to replicate the table top tests carried out by Salzar et al. 2009. The full reference is provided at the end of this document.
PMHS reference data overview¶
There are variants of the tabletop setups, which which are documented by Salzar et al. (2009). The setups differ in terms of impactor velocity and chest compression depth. The table below provides an overview of the differences.
| Test number | Waveform | Speed | Chest Compression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Precondition-sinusoid | 1 Hz | 15% of chest depth |
| 1.2 | Ramp and hold | 0.5 m/s | 10% of chest depth |
| 1.3 | Ramp and hold | 1.0 m/s | 15% of chest depth |
| 1.4 | Palpation indicated rib fracture – testing on specimen stopped | ||
| 2.1 | Precondition-sinusoid | 1 Hz | 15% of chest depth |
| 2.2 | Ramp and hold | 0.5 m/s | 10% of chest depth |
| 2.3 | Ramp and hold | 1.0 m/s | 15% of chest depth |
| 2.4 | Validation-sinusoid | 1 Hz, 5 Hz | 15% of chest depth |
| 2.5 | Step and hold-failure | ||
| 2.6 | Step and hold-failure | ||
| 2.7 | Step and hold-failure | ||
| 2.8 | Step and hold-failure | 1.5 m/s | 40% of chest depth |
| 3.1 | Precondition-sinusoid | 1 Hz | 20% of chest depth |
| 3.2 | (line left blank in paper) | ||
| 3.3 | Ramp and hold | 0.5 m/s | 15% of chest depth |
| 3.4 | Ramp and hold | 1.0 m/s | 20% of chest depth |
| 3.5 | Validation-sinusoid | 1 Hz, 15 Hz | 20% of chest depth |
| 3.6 | Step and hold-failure | Pulley Failure | |
| 3.7 | Step and hold-failure | Cable Failure | |
| 3.8 | Step and hold-failure | Cable slipped off pulley | |
| 3.9 | Step and hold-failure | 1.5 m/s | 40% of chest depth |
The characteristics of all PMHS used in these tests are provided in the table below.
| Subject Number | Weight (kg) | Height (cm) | Age (yrs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 68.5 | 175.3 | 62 |
| 2 | 68.0 | 175.3 | 54 |
| 3 | 90.0 | 193.0 | 31 |
| Average | 75.5 | 181.2 | 49.0 |
Instructions¶
Follow the General Instructions for setting up your simulations. Make sure that all required outputs are available in the simulation output files (e.g. binout when using LS-Dyna) in an appropriate time frequency!
A detailed guide with illustrations is provided in Documentation.pdf.
Please report all new issues you encounter.
Directory structure¶
- Jupyter notebook for postprocessing results using Dynasaur: Salzar_2009_assessment.ipynb
salzar_2009
│
│ 00_Master_Belt.k
│ Documentation_Tabletop_Belt.pdf
│ LICENSE
│ README.md
│ Salzar_2009_assessment.ipynb
│ Version vX.X.X.md
│
├───data
│ ├───examples
│ │
│ ├───experiment
│ │ Belt.csv
│ │
│ ├───images
│ │ Belt_angles.png
│ │
│ ├───metadata
│ │ │ 00_Salzar_belt_ID.def
│ │ │ 00_Salzar_env_ID.def
│ │ │ 00_THUMS_v4.1_05F_IDs.def
│ │ │ 00_THUMS_v4.1_50M_IDs.def
│ │ │ 00_VIVA+_50F_IDs.def
│ │ │ 01_units_ms_mm_kg.def
│ │ │ 01_units_s_mm_ton.def
│ │ │ 02_quality_criteria.def
│ │ │ 03_contact_HBM_table.def
│ │ │ 04_belt.def
│ │ │ 05a_HBM_belt_deflection.def
│ │ │ 05_HBM_deflection.def
│ │ │ 06a_HBM_ribs_visualisation.def
│ │ │ 06_HBM_ribs_criteria.def
│ │ │ 07a_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021.def
│ │ │ 07b_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021_deflection_limits.def
│ │ │ 07c_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus.def
│ │ │ 07d_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus_deflection_limits.def
│ │ │ ls_user_function.py
│ │
│ └───processed
│ ├───figures
│ └───sim_results
│
├───sim_results
│ _copy_your_binouts_here.txt
│
├───_env
│ 00_Database_Control.k
│ 01a_Frame_Belt.k
│ 01_Table.k
│ 02_Belt.k
│ 02_Belt_longer.k
│ 03_Boundary_Condition.k
│ 04_Position_springs.k
│ 05_Calculations.k
│
└───_HBM
_copy_your_HBM_includes_here.txt
Loadcase specific outputs¶
Time-history data:
- Energies
- Total energy
- Internal energy
- Kinetic energy
- Hourglass energy
- Added mass (when using mass scaling)
- Percent increase of added mass
- Contact forces
- Contact force between table and HBM (contact interface 2 in the model, using only the torso part of the table)
- HBM
- Z-displacement of points for chest deflection measurement
- Relevant strain data (see above) for each rib over time
License¶
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
Copyright¶
Copyright 2024 OVTO
Acknowledgement¶
The setup has been developed by the Vehicle Safety Institute at Graz University of Technology to be HBM-neutral. This work was funded by the research project "QualiPro HBM4VT". We acknowledge the support of all sponsors:
- DYNAmore Gesellschaft für FEM Ingenieurdienstleistungen GmbH, an Ansys Company
- Global Human Body Models Consortium, LLC (GHBMC)
- Humanetics
- SAFER (represented by Autoliv Development AB and Volvo Car Corporation)
- Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA
Special thanks to Solveig Iris Berger Joham for her assistance in digitizing the relevant time-history data from the original publication.
References¶
Salzar, R. S., Bass, C. R., Lessley, D., Crandall, J. R., Kent, R. W., & Bolton, J. R. (2009). Viscoelastic response of the thorax under dynamic belt loading. Traffic Injury Prevention, 10(3), 290–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580902856251