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Lopez-Valdes et al. 2017 (SENIORS sled)

These are simulation setups designed to replicate the sled tests carried out by Lopez Valdes et al. (2018) (with the sled also described in the SENIORS deliverable D2.3). The full references are provided at the end of this document.

Disclaimer

The PMHS test data is shared for usage of score calculation only. No other usage is allowed.

PMHS reference data overview

6 male specimen (average weight: 63.2 kg, average height: 169.6 cm, average age: 74.3 yrs)

Subject Number Sex Weight (kg) Height (cm) Age (yrs)
PMHS 1 M 66 167 74
PMHS 2 M 76 184 68
PMHS 3 M 34 156 94
PMHS 4 M 74 170 74
PMHS 5 M 67 174 63
PMHS 6 M 62 167 73
average - 63.2 169.6 74.3

Instructions

Follow the General Instructions for setting up your simulations. Make sure that all required outputs are available in the simulation output files (e.g. binout when using LS-Dyna) in an appropriate time frequency.

A detailed guide with illustrations is provided in Documentation_Sled.pdf.

Please report all new issues you encounter.

Directory structure

Please note that there is currently reference data available, but it is currently being prepared for use in HBM4VT. It will be added as soon as it is available (expected by the end of 2024).

lopez_valdes_2017
│
│   00_Master_Sled.k
│   Documentation_Sled.pdf
│   LICENSE
│   Lopez_Valdes_2017_assessment.ipynb
│   README.md
│   Version vX.X.X.md
│
├───data
│   ├───examples
│   │       10_THUMS_v41_50M_RCa_front.gif
│   │       10_THUMS_v41_50M_RCa_side.gif
│   │       10_THUMS_v41_50M_RCa_top.gif
│   │
│   ├───experiment
│   │   ├───RCa
│   │   │       Empty test data files (will be updated as soon as test data are available)
│   │   │
│   │   └───RCb
│   │           Empty test data files (will be updated as soon as test data are available)
│   │
│   ├───metadata
│   │   │   00_LopezValdes_testbed_ID.def
│   │   │   00_THUMS_v4.1_05F_IDs.def
│   │   │   00_THUMS_v4.1_50M_IDs.def
│   │   │   00_VIVA+_50F_IDs.def
│   │   │   01_units_ms_mm_kg.def
│   │   │   01_units_s_mm_ton.def
│   │   │   02_quality_criteria.def
│   │   │   04_testbed.def
│   │   │   05_HBM_deflection.def
│   │   │   06a_HBM_ribs_visualisation.def
│   │   │   06_HBM_ribs_criteria.def
│   │   │   07a_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021.def
│   │   │   07c_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus.def
│   │   │   ls_user_function.py
│   │
│   ├───processed
│   │   ├───figures
│   │   │
│   │   └───sim_results
│   │
│   └───reference
│           load_cell_forces_without_occupant.csv
│
├───sim_results
│       _copy_your_binouts_here.txt
│
├───_env
│       00_Database_Control.k
│       01_Testbed.k
│       02_Airbag.k
│       02_Belt.k
│       02_Belt_rotated.k
│       03_Boundary_Condition.k
│       04_Position_springs.k
│       05_Calculations.k
│       dab_gen_compr_air_wangnefske_001_ns.k
│       dab_gen_interface_ref_P6255616NX025_140131_000.k
│       dab_gen_l1_u1_P6255616NX025_140131_002infl1_ns.k
│       dab_gen_lower_horiz_ext_girdle_003e.k
│       dab_gen_lower_horiz_ext_girdle_003e_AIRBAGMATERIAL.k
│       dab_gen_module_mat_generic.k
│       dab_gen_ref_P6255616NX025_140131_000.k
│       dab_gen_vent_channel_003.k
│       dab_sw_b36_v00_rigid_130624_001.k
│       dab_sw_mat_b36_v00_130624_001.k
│
└───_HBM
        _copy_your_HBM_includes_here.txt

Loadcase specific outputs

Time-history data:

  • Energies
  • Total energy
  • Internal energy
  • Kinetic energy
  • Hourglass energy
  • Added mass (when using mass scaling)
  • Percent increase of added mass
  • Testbed
  • Sled
    • X, Y, Z-coordinates
    • X, Y, Z-accelerations
    • X, Y, Z-coordinates
  • Footrest load cell (left & right)
    • X, Z-force
    • Y-moment
  • Seat load cell
    • X, Z-force
    • Y-moment
  • Belt
    • Shoulder belt
    • Upper force (X)
    • Buckle side force (X)
    • Lap belt
    • Buckle side force (X)
    • Anchor side force (X)
  • HBM
  • Head
    • X, Y, Z-coordinates
    • X, Y, Z-displacements
    • X, Y, Z-accelerations
    • X, Y, Z-rotational accelerations
  • Thorax
  • Spine
    • T1 X, Y, Z-coordinates
    • T8 X, Y, Z-coordinates
    • L2 X, Y, Z-coordinates
  • Pelvis: X, Y, Z-coordinates

License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

Copyright 2024 EuroNCAP

Acknowledgements

The simulation setup is based on several models:

  1. The main sled model is based on the HBM4VT setup for the Shaw et al. 2009 load case. This setup itself is based on the Gold Standard 2 setup in the VIVA+ validation catalog, which was created by Johan Iraeus. Specifically, the file 01_Testbed.k in the setup provided here is based on the files 00_main.key and Crandall_2013_GS2_sled_50M_env.key at the VIVA+ validation catalog.
  2. The seat was adopted from the VPS simulation setup available from the THUMS user community. Specifically, only the seat geometry was translated from the file TUC_WB_S2_FRO_MAIN.pc to LS-Dyna format.
  3. The generic airbag model was provided by Autoliv to EuroNCAP for the qualification of human body models for virtual testing. Specifically, the file 02_Airbag.k and all include files in the _env folder starting with "dab_..." make up this generic airbag.
  4. The buckle was carried over from the WorldSID qualification setup downloaded from https://openvt.eu/EuroNCAP/wsid-model-qualification, which is also the basis for the Petit et al. 2019 setup available in the HBM4VT validation catalogue.

The setups available here have been updated by the Vehicle Safety Institute at Graz University of Technology to be HBM-neutral.

This work was funded by the research project "QualiPro HBM4VT". We acknowledge the support of all sponsors:

  • DYNAmore Gesellschaft für FEM Ingenieurdienstleistungen GmbH, an Ansys Company
  • Global Human Body Models Consortium, LLC (GHBMC)
  • Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc.
  • SAFER (represented by Autoliv Development AB and Volvo Car Corporation)
  • Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA

Special thanks to Autoliv for providing the generic airbag model to EuroNCAP.

References

Lopez-Valdes, F. J. (2017). Kinematic comparison between the THOR dummy, older volunteers and older PMHS in low-speed non-injurious frontal impacts: Deliverable 2.3.

Lopez-Valdes, F. J., Mroz, K., Eggers, A., Pipkorn, B., Muehlbauer, J., Schick, S., & Peldschus, S. (2018). Chest injuries of elderly postmortem human surrogates (PMHSs) under seat belt and airbag loading in frontal sled impacts: Comparison to matching THOR tests. Traffic Injury Prevention, 19(sup2), S55-S63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2018.1542139