Forman et al. 2005

These are simulation setups designed to replicate the table top tests carried out by Forman et al. (2005). The full reference is provided at the end of this document.

Known issues

• HBM response too stiff (only female PMHS data available)

PMHS reference data overview

There are variants of the tabletop setup, which are documented by Forman et al. 2005. The setups differ in terms of load limiter level on the second shoulder belt. The table below provides an overview of the tests.

Subject	Nominal Force Limit in Second Shoulder Belt	Subject	Nominal Force Limit in Second Shoulder Belt	Subject	Nominal Force Limit in Second Shoulder Belt
207	0 N	194	0 N	195	No limit
207	No limit	194	140 N	195	800 N
207	600 N	194	200 N	195	200 N
207	140 N	194	800 N	195	85 N
207	85 N	194	85 N	195	140 N
207	400 N	194	600 N	195	600 N
207	200 N	194	400 N	195	400 N
207	No limit	194	No limit	195	0 N
		194	No limit	195	no limit

The characteristics of all PMHS used in these tests are provided in the table below.

Subject Number	Weight (kg)	Height (cm)	Age (yrs)
207	49.9	160	67
194	94.8	170	38
195	58.9	173	67
Average	67.9	167.7	57.3

Instructions

Follow the General Instructions for setting up your simulations. Make sure that all required outputs are available in the simulation output files (e.g. binout when using LS-Dyna) in an appropriate time frequency!

A detailed guide with illustrations is provided in Documentation.pdf.

Please report all new issues you encounter.

Directory structure

• Jupyter notebook for postprocessing results using Dynasaur:

M:.
│   00_Master_XBelt.k
│   Documentation_Tabletop_Double_Belt.pdf
│   Forman_2005_assessment_double_belt.ipynb
│   LICENSE
│   README.md
│   Version vX.X.X.md
│
├───data
│   ├───examples
│   │
│   ├───experiment
│   │
│   ├───images
│   │
│   ├───metadata
│   │   │   00_Forman_belt_ID.def
│   │   │   00_Forman_env_ID.def
│   │   │   00_THUMS_v4.1_50M_IDs.def
│   │   │   00_VIVA+_50F_IDs.def
│   │   │   01_units_ms_mm_kg.def
│   │   │   01_units_s_mm_ton.def
│   │   │   02_quality_criteria.def
│   │   │   03_contact_HBM_table.def
│   │   │   04_belt.def
│   │   │   05a_HBM_belt_deflection.def
│   │   │   06a_HBM_ribs_visualisation.def
│   │   │   06_HBM_ribs_criteria.def
│   │   │   07a_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021.def
│   │   │   07b_HBM_ribs_NFR_risk_Larsson_2021_deflection_limits.def
│   │   │   07c_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus.def
│   │   │   07d_HBM_THUMS_50M_ribs_NFR_risk_Forman2022_3plus_deflection_limits.def
│   │   │   ls_user_function.py
│   │
│   └───processed
│       ├───figures
│       │
│       └───sim_results
│
├───sim_results
│       _copy_your_binouts_here.txt
│
├───_env
│       00_Database_Control.k
│       01a_Frame_Belt.k
│       01_Table.k
│       02_Belt.k
│       02_Belt_cross.k
│       02_Belt_cross_longer.k
│       02_Belt_longer.k
│       03_Boundary_Condition.k
│       04_Position_springs.k
│       05_Calculations.k
│
└───_HBM
        _copy_your_HBM_includes_here.txt

Loadcase specific outputs

Time-history data:

• Energies
• Total energy
• Internal energy
• Kinetic energy
• Hourglass energy
• Added mass (when using mass scaling)
• Percent increase of added mass
• Contact forces
• Contact force between table and HBM (contact interface 2 in the model, using only the torso part of the table)
• HBM
• Z-displacement of Thorax_BxS point
• Relevant strain data (see above) for each rib over time

License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License

Copyright

Copyright 2024 OVTO

Acknowledgement

The setup has been developed by the Vehicle Safety Institute at Graz University of Technology to be HBM-neutral. The load curve for the frame displacement and the PMHS test data were kindly provided by the University of Virginia.

This work was funded by the research project "QualiPro HBM4VT". We acknowledge the support of all sponsors:

• DYNAmore Gesellschaft für FEM Ingenieurdienstleistungen GmbH, an Ansys Company
• Global Human Body Models Consortium, LLC (GHBMC)
• Humanetics
• SAFER (represented by Autoliv Development AB and Volvo Car Corporation)
• Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA

References

Forman, Jason, et al. "Biomechanical considerations for the optimization of an advanced restraint system: assessing the benefit of a second shoulder belt." IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. 2005.